Technical Questions Thread (Collective Brain Moochathon 2K24) ???

I’d like to create a clone/backup (not ongoing) of a 2TB capacity USB hard drive with about 1.6TB of files on it, targeting an empty 2TB capacity USB hard drive from the same company (same file system, same everything). The files are mostly media—music, video, photos; there are some executables as well (brief googling implied the presence of “programs” on an external drive could complicate things, but not sure why or what that means).

Anyone have a favorite way of doing this? Looking for some #softwarethatjustworks, preferably something free. I heard Macrium Reflect is good but I don’t have enough to do with it to justify buying it (wondering if the free trial would suit my purposes).